古玩城2020精品推荐第五期：同治年制款粉彩小杯
中国古代有几千年的“饮茶”“饮酒”文明，其中使用最频繁的莫过于“杯具“。“杯”字起源于“抔”，双手合捧之意。最早的杯是椭圆形的，两侧有耳，又名耳杯，要双手持耳捧起来，喝酒。耳杯又名羽觞，当年兰亭修禊时，王羲之写“曲水流觞”，用的就是耳杯。耳杯装上酒，还能漂在水上，陶瓷不行，青铜不行，要用木胎漆器，所以“杯”字从“木”。
There are thousands of years of "drinking tea" and "drinking wine" civilization in ancient China, among which the most frequently used is "Cup". The word "Cup" originated from "Bi", which means holding hands together. The earliest cup is oval, with ears on both sides, also known as ear cup. You should hold your ears in both hands and drink. Ear cup, also known as Yu cup, was used by Wang Xizhi to write "flowing wine cup with curved water" when Orchid Pavilion was repairing. When wine is put into the ear cup, it can still float on the water. Ceramics and bronze can't do it. Wood based lacquerware should be used, so the word "Cup" comes from "wood".
汉唐时，漆器被瓷器取代，瓷杯不再做成耳杯的椭圆形，而是圆的。这是因为瓷器是在轮车上拉制成形，做成圆的方便。茶始于汉，盛于唐，天下饮茶多用瓷杯，从此茶与瓷结下了不解之缘。
In the Han and Tang Dynasties, lacquer ware was replaced by porcelain. The porcelain cup was no longer made into an oval ear cup, but a round one. This is because the porcelain is drawn on the wheel car to form a circle. Tea began in the Han Dynasty and flourished in the Tang Dynasty. Porcelain cups were often used to drink tea in the world. From then on, tea and porcelain became inseparable.
粉彩瓷是珐琅彩之外，清宫廷又一创烧的彩瓷。在烧好的胎釉上施含砷物的粉底，涂上颜料后用笔洗开，由于砷的乳蚀作用颜色产生粉化效。早在清康熙年间，粉彩作为瓷器釉上彩绘艺术已开始了萌芽;到雍正时期，已趋成熟，并形成粉彩装饰的独特风格;乾隆时期粉彩已非常兴盛。粉彩的艺术效果，以秀丽雅致，粉润柔和见长，这与洁白精美的瓷质分不开，它们相互衬托，相映成趣，有机地结合起来。
Besides enamel, famille rose porcelain is another kind of porcelain created by the Qing court. On the burnt glaze, apply the arsenic containing foundation, paint it and wash it with a pen. The color of the glaze will be powdered because of the emulsion effect of arsenic. As early as the Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty, famille rose as the art of porcelain glaze painting began to sprout; in the Yongzheng period, it became mature and formed a unique style of famille rose decoration; in Qianlong period, famille rose rapidly. The artistic effect of famille rose is characterized by its beauty, elegance, softness and softness, which is inseparable from the white and exquisite porcelain. They set off each other and become interesting and organically combined.
粉彩瓷装饰画法上的洗染，吸取了各姐妹艺术中的营养，采取了点染与套色的手法，使所要描绘的对象，无论人物，山水，花卉，鸟虫都显得质感强，明暗清晰，层次分明。采用的画法既有严整工细刻画微妙的工笔画，又有渗入淋漓挥洒，简洁洗练的写意画，还有夸张变形的装饰画风。甚至把版画，水彩画，油画以及水彩画等姐妹艺术都加以融汇运用，精微处，丝毫不爽;豪放处，生动活泼。粉彩的绘制，一般要经过打图，升图，做图，拍图，画线，填色，洗染等工序。其中从打图到拍图，是一个用墨线起稿，进行创作构思，如绘瓷决定装饰内容与形象构图的阶段。正式绘制时的定稿叫'升图'，把描过浓墨的图样从瓷器上拍印下来叫'做图'。接着把印有墨线的图纸转拍到要正式绘制的瓷胎上去即'拍图'，这样就可进行绘瓷。
The washing and dyeing of the decorative painting of Famille Rose Porcelain absorbed the nutrition of the sisters' art, and adopted the techniques of spot dyeing and color matching, so that the objects to be depicted, no matter the figures, mountains and rivers, flowers, birds and insects, all have strong texture, clear light and dark, and clear levels. The painting methods adopted include not only the meticulous and meticulous depiction of delicate brushwork, but also the penetrating, concise and concise freehand brushwork, as well as the exaggerated and deformed decorative painting style. Even print, watercolor, oil painting, watercolor and other sister art are used to blend, subtle, not happy; bold and unconstrained, lively. The painting of famille rose usually goes through the process of drawing, ascending, drawing, photographing, line drawing, coloring, washing and dyeing. From drawing to taking pictures, it is a stage of drawing with ink lines and making creative ideas, such as painting porcelain to decide the decoration content and image composition. The final draft of a formal drawing is called 'shengtu', and it is called 'drawing' to photograph and print the pattern with thick ink from porcelain. Then transfer the drawing printed with ink lines to the porcelain body to be formally drawn, i.e. "pat drawing", so that porcelain can be painted.
此件来自清同治时期的花卉粉彩小杯，杯高6cm，口径8.5cm杯底有同治年制四字落款表明了它高贵的出身和制作的年代，为同治年间皇室御用之器，粉彩瓷器是官窑中的贵族，自创烧以来一直深受皇家喜爱。整个器型端正，图案设计喜庆吉祥，画工精致，薄款，异常精美，胎质细腻，釉色温润，品相完美，异常珍惜。珍惜程度不言而喻。极具投资收藏价值！
This is a small flower cup from Tongzhi period of Qing Dynasty. The cup is 6cm high and 8.5cm in diameter. There are four characters on the bottom of the cup, indicating its noble origin and production time. It is used by the royal family in Tongzhi period. Famille rose porcelain is the aristocrat in the official kiln and has been loved by the royal family since it was founded. The whole shape is upright, the pattern design is auspicious, the painting is exquisite, the thin style is extremely exquisite, the embryo quality is exquisite, the glaze color is warm, the product appearance is perfect, extremely cherished. The degree of cherishing is self-evident. Great investment and collection value!
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